The practice of conscious breathing is as much a focal point in the ancient traditions of many cultures as it is in modern scientific research.  This article aims to explore these intertwined fields, highlighting how conscious breathing serves as a harmonious nexus between past and present, tradition and innovation, and how it is the keystone in the search for and access to our well-being. 

Breath as a Vital Force:

In various ancient traditions, breath is revered as an essential vital force. In Hindu philosophy, it is known as "Prana", and in Chinese traditions, it is called "Qi". Modern science resonates with this perspective, emphasizing that breath is fundamental to the vital exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide required for cellular function.

The Physiological Basics of Conscious Breathing

A reminder of the physiological basis of conscious breathing is essential before diving into its specific effects. Every breath we take facilitates the exchange of oxygen, which we inhale, and carbon dioxide, which we exhale. This process is crucial to life, nourishing our bodies with the oxygen required for cellular function and eliminating waste products.

What's more, our respiratory pattern transcends this basic physiological function. It significantly influences our body's nervous system, in particular the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), which is divided into the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS). These systems are associated with the "fight or flight" response and the "rest and digest" state, respectively. Conscious breathing can harmonize these two systems, promoting a variety of physiological benefits (Brown & Gerbarg, 2005).

Stress reduction and relaxation

Conscious breathing is a pillar of relaxation and stress reduction. Engaging in deep, slow breathing activates the PNS. This activation induces a state of calm and relaxation by slowing heart rate and reducing blood pressure, offering a natural, non-pharmacological method for managing chronic stress or anxiety (Zaccaro et al., 2018).

Cardiac coherence and heart rate variability

Conscious breathing has a significant impact on cardiac coherence and heart rate variability, two vital indicators of cardiovascular health. Cardiac coherence refers to the synchronization of heart rate with breathing rhythms, achieved through conscious breathing practices. Heart rate variability, the variation in time intervals between successive heartbeats, is a marker of cardiac health and adaptability to stress (Thayer et al., 2012). 

Through the deep, rhythmic breathing often used in conscious breathing exercises, we can significantly influence heart rate variability. This conscious control of the breath promotes a rhythm that stimulates the vagus nerve. 

This stimulation leads to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, improving heart rate variability and promoting greater resilience to stress and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014).

Boosting Immune Function

Breathing exercises, particularly those involving breath retention such as the Wim Hof method, have been suggested to increase immune function.A study from Radboud University in the Netherlands demonstrated that individuals trained in this method showed fewer inflammatory markers when exposed to endotoxin compared to a control group, indicating the potential role of conscious breathing in modulating the immune response (Kox et al., 2014).

Improved Cognitive Function

Mindful breathing also holds promise in improving cognitive function, potentially improving mental clarity, concentration and memory. Techniques such as alternate nostril breathing are even thought to balance the left and right hemispheres of the brain, promoting better cognitive function (Zelano et al., 2016).

Emotional release and treatment

Certain types of breathing, such as holotropic breathing, serve as therapeutic tools for emotional release and processing. Modifying the normal breathing pattern through these practices can induce changes in a person's mental and emotional state, often leading to catharsis experiences and improved mental health (Holmes et al., 2015).

A Personal Journey: From Practitioner to Certified Instructor

In my personal journey with conscious breathing, I have found it to be a transformative force. As someone who has not only practiced this method but also become a certified instructor, I can attest to the profound impact it has had on my inner exploration and overall well-being.

From the very first stages of practice, I noticed a deepening of my inner exploration. This method has enabled me to access levels of consciousness that seemed inaccessible before. It became a natural tool that enabled me to modify my state of consciousness at will.

In my experience, one of the most remarkable benefits of this practice has been its role in stress management, particularly in emergency situations during my years working in the pre-hospital emergency department in Geneva.

During my studies, I even made the subject my diploma work, setting up guided meditation and conscious breathing sessions for my fellow students to help them manage stress during exams and internships. Thanks to breathing, I've learned to navigate stressful situations with a level of serenity that was previously unattainable. 

This journey was both enriching and affirming the belief that with the right tools and guidance, we all have the potential to tap into an innate inner source of peace, vitality and resilience.

Conclusion: 

Conscious breathing resides at the intersection of ancient wisdom and modern science, offering a rich perspective of benefits that encompass both physiological and spiritual dimensions. As scientific research continues to reveal the profound impacts of conscious breathing, it also reaffirms the views held by ancestral practices for centuries.

Through this harmonious fusion of science and spirituality, conscious breathing emerges as a powerful tool for personal transformation and healing from a holistic perspective.

References

1. Brown, R. P., & Gerbarg, P. L. (2005). Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: Part I-neurophysiologic model. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 11(1), 189-201.

2. Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2006). Textbook of medical physiology (11th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

3. Zaccaro, A., Piarulli, A., Laurino, M., Garbella, E., Menicucci, D., Neri, B., & Gemignani, A. (2018). How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 353.

4. Thayer, J. F., Åhs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers III, J. J., & Wager, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(2), 747-756.

5. Lehrer, P. M., & Gevirtz, R. (2014). Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work? Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 756.

6. Kox, M., van Eijk, L. T., Zwaag, J., van den Wildenberg, J., Sweep, F. C., van der Hoeven, J. G., & Pickkers, P. (2014). Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(20), 7379-7384.

7. Zelano, C., Jiang, H., Zhou, G., Arora, N., Schuele, S., Rosenow, J., & Gottfried, J. A. (2016). Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(49), 12448-12467.

8. Holmes, S. W., Kozlowski, A., & Steinhoff, U. (2015). Breathwork: An Additional Treatment Option for Depression and Anxiety? Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy*, 45(2), 109-119.

9. Zelano, C., Jiang, H., Zhou, G., Arora, N., Schuele, S., Rosenow, J., & Gottfried, J. A. (2016). Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(49), 12448-12467.

10. Kox, M., van Eijk, L. T., Zwaag, J., van den Wildenberg, J., Sweep, F. C., van der Hoeven, J. G., & Pickkers, P. (2014). Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(20), 7379-7384.

11. Holmes, S. W., Kozlowski, A., & Steinhoff, U. (2015). Breathwork: An Additional Treatment Option for Depression and Anxiety? Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy*, 45(2), 109-119.